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Common Ingredient Substitutions
Ingredient
|
Amount
|
Substitution
|
Allspice
|
1 teaspoon
|
1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4
teaspoon ginger, and 1/4 teaspoon cloves
|
Arrowroot starch
|
1 teaspoon
|
1 tablespoon flour, OR 1
teaspoon cornstarch
|
Baking mix
|
1 cup
|
1 cup pancake mix OR 1 cup Easy
Biscuit Mixture
|
Baking powder
|
1 teaspoon
|
1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2
teaspoon cream of tartar OR 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup buttermilk
(decrease liquid in recipe by 1/2 cup)
|
Beer
|
1 cup
|
1 cup nonalcoholic beer OR
1 cup chicken broth
|
Brandy
|
1/4 cup
|
1 teaspoon imitation brandy
extract plus enough water to make 1/4 cup
|
Bread crumbs
|
1 cup
|
1 cup cracker crumbs OR 1 cup
matzo meal OR 1 cup ground oats
|
Broth: beef or chicken
|
1 cup
|
1 bouillon cube plus 1 cup boiling
water OR 1 tablespoon soy sauce plus enough water to make 1 cup OR
1 cup vegetable broth
|
Brown sugar
|
1 cup, packed
|
1 cup white sugar plus 1/4 cup
molasses and decrease the liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup OR 1 cup white
sugar OR 1 1/4 cups confectioners' sugar
|
Butter (salted)
|
1 cup
|
1 cup margarine OR 1 cup
shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon salt OR 7/8 cup vegetable oil plus 1/2 teaspoon
salt OR 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 teaspoon salt
|
Butter (unsalted)
|
1 cup
|
1 cup shortening OR 7/8 cup
vegetable oil OR 7/8 cup lard
|
Buttermilk
|
1 cup
|
1 cup yogurt OR 1 tablespoon lemon
juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup
|
Cheddar cheese
|
1 cup shredded
|
1 cup shredded Colby cheddar OR
1 cup shredded Monterey Jack cheese
|
Chervil
|
1 tablespoon chopped fresh
|
1 tablespoon chopped fresh parsley
|
Chicken base
|
1 tablespoon
|
1 cup canned or homemade chicken
broth or stock. Reduce liquid in recipe by 1 cup
|
Chocolate(semisweet)
|
1 ounce
|
1 (1-ounce) square of unsweetened
chocolate plus 4 teaspoons sugar OR 1 ounce semisweet chocolate chips
plus 1 teaspoon shortening
|
Chocolate (unsweetened)
|
1 ounce
|
3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa
plus 1 tablespoon shortening or vegetable oil
|
Cocoa
|
1/4 cup
|
1 (1-ounce) square unsweetened
chocolate
|
Condensed cream of mushroom soup
|
1 (10.75-ounce) can
|
1 (10.75-ounce) can condensed
cream of celery, cream of chicken, OR golden mushroom soup
|
Corn syrup
|
1 cup
|
1 1/4 cup white sugar plus 1/3 cup
water OR 1 cup honey OR 1 cup light treacle syrup
|
Cottage cheese
|
1 cup
|
1 cup farmer's cheese OR 1
cup ricotta cheese
|
Cracker crumbs
|
1 cup
|
1 cup bread crumbs OR 1 cup
matzo meal OR 1 cup ground oats
|
Cream (half and half)
|
1 cup
|
7/8 cup milk plus 1 tablespoon
butter
|
Cream (heavy)
|
1 cup
|
1 cup evaporated milk OR
3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter
|
Cream (light)
|
1 cup
|
1 cup evaporated milk OR 3/4 cup
milk plus 3 tablespoons butter
|
Cream (whipped)
|
1 cup
|
1 cup frozen whipped topping,
thawed
|
Cream cheese
|
1 cup
|
1 cup pureed cottage cheese OR
1 cup plain yogurt, strained overnight in a cheesecloth
|
Cream of tartar
|
1 teaspoon
|
2 teaspoons lemon juice or vinegar
|
Crème fraiche
|
1 cup
|
Combine 1 cup of heavy cream and 1
tablespoon of plain yogurt. Let stand for 6 hours at room temperature
|
Egg
|
1 whole (3 tablespoons or 1.7 oz)
|
2 1/2 tablespoons of powdered egg
substitute plus 2 1/2 tablespoons water OR 1/4 cup liquid egg
substitute OR 1/4 cup silken tofu pureed OR 3 tablespoons mayonnaise OR
half a banana mashed with 1/2 teaspoon baking powder OR 1 tablespoon
powdered flax seed soaked in 3 tablespoons water
|
Evaporated milk
|
1 cup
|
1 cup light cream
|
Farmer's cheese
|
8 ounces
|
8 ounces dry cottage cheese OR
8 ounces creamed cottage cheese, drained
|
Fats for baking
|
1 cup
|
1 cup applesauce OR 1 cup
fruit puree
|
Flour--Bread
|
1 cup
|
1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1
teaspoon wheat gluten (available at health food stores & some
supermarkets)
|
Flour--Cake
|
1 cup
|
1 cup all-purpose flour minus 2
tablespoons
|
Flour--Self-Rising
|
1 cup
|
7/8 cup all-purpose flour plus 1
1/2 teaspoons baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon of salt
|
Garlic
|
1 clove
|
1/8 teaspoon garlic powder OR
1/2 teaspoon granulated garlic OR 1/2 teaspoon garlic salt--reduce
salt in recipe
|
Gelatin
|
1 tablespoon, granulated
|
2 teaspoons agar agar
|
Ginger--dry
|
1 teaspoon
|
2 teaspoons chopped fresh ginger
|
Ginger--fresh
|
1 teaspoon, minced
|
1/2 teaspoon ground dried ginger
|
Green onion
|
1/2 cup , chopped
|
1/2 cup chopped onion, OR
1/2 cup chopped leek OR 1/2 cup chopped shallots
|
Hazelnuts
|
1 cup whole
|
1 cup macadamia nuts OR 1
cup almonds
|
Herbs--fresh
|
1 tablespoon chopped fresh
|
1 teaspoon (chopped or whole leaf)
dried herbs
|
Herring
|
8 ounces
|
8 ounces of sardines
|
Honey
|
1 cup
|
1 1/4 cup white sugar plus 1/3 cup
water OR 1 cup corn syrup OR 1 cup light treacle syrup
|
Hot pepper sauce
|
1 teaspoon
|
3/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper plus 1
teaspoon vinegar
|
Ketchup
|
1 cup
|
1 cup tomato sauce plus 1 teaspoon
vinegar plus 1 tablespoon sugar
|
Lard
|
1 cup
|
1 cup shortening OR 7/8 cup
vegetable oil OR 1 cup butter
|
Lemon grass
|
2 fresh stalks
|
1 tablespoon lemon zest
|
Lemon juice
|
1 teaspoon
|
1/2 teaspoon vinegar OR 1
teaspoon white wine OR 1 teaspoon lime juice
|
Lemon zest
|
1 teaspoon
|
1/2 teaspoon lemon extract OR 2
tablespoons lemon juice
|
Lime juice
|
1 teaspoon
|
1 teaspoon vinegar OR 1
teaspoon white wine OR 1 teaspoon lemon juice
|
Lime zest
|
1 teaspoon
|
1 teaspoon lemon zest
|
Macadamia nuts
|
1 cup
|
1 cup almonds OR 1 cup
hazelnuts
|
Mace
|
1 teaspoon
|
1 teaspoon nutmeg
|
Margarine
|
1 cup
|
1 cup shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon
salt OR 1 cup butter OR 7/8 cup vegetable oil plus 1/2 teaspoon
salt OR 7/8 cup lard plus 1/2 teaspoon salt
|
Mayonnaise
|
1 cup
|
1 cup sour cream OR 1 cup
plain yogurt
|
Milk--whole
|
1 cup
|
1 cup soy milk OR 1 cup
rice milk OR 1 cup water or juice OR 1/4 cup dry milk powder
plus 1 cup water OR 2/3 cup evaporated milk plus 1/3 cup water
|
Mint--fresh
|
1/4 cup chopped
|
1 tablespoon dried mint leaves
|
Molasses
|
1 cup
|
Mix 3/4 cup brown sugar and 1
teaspoon cream of tartar
|
Mustard--prepared
|
1 tablespoon
|
Mix together 1 tablespoon dried
mustard, 1 teaspoon water, 1 teaspoon vinegar and 1 teaspoon sugar
|
Onion
|
1 cup, chopped
|
1 cup chopped green onions OR
1 cup chopped shallots OR 1 cup chopped leeks OR 1/4 cup dried
minced onion OR 1/4 cup onion powder
|
Orange juice
|
1 tablespoon
|
1 tablespoon other citrus juice
|
Orange zest
|
1 tablespoon
|
1/2 teaspoon orange extract OR
1 teaspoon lemon juice
|
Parmesan cheese
|
1/2 cup, grated
|
1/2 cup grated Asiago cheese OR
1/2 cup grated Romano cheese
|
Parsley
|
1 tablespoon chopped fresh
|
1 tablespoon chopped fresh chervil
OR 1 teaspoon dried parsley
|
Pepperoni
|
1 ounce
|
1 ounce salami
|
Raisin
|
1 cup
|
1 cup dried currants OR 1
cup dried cranberries OR 1 cup chopped pitted prunes
|
Rice--white
|
1 cup, cooked
|
1 cup cooked barley OR 1
cup cooked bulgur OR 1 cup cooked brown or wild rice
|
Ricotta
|
1 cup
|
1 cup dry cottage cheese OR
1 cup silken tofu
|
Rum
|
1 tablespoon
|
1/2 teaspoon rum extract, plus
enough water to make 1 tablespoon
|
Saffron
|
1/4 teaspoon
|
1/4 teaspoon turmeric
|
Salami
|
1 ounce
|
1 ounce pepperoni
|
Semisweet chocolate chips
|
1 cup
|
1 cup chocolate candies OR
1 cup peanut butter or other flavored chips OR 1 cup chopped nuts OR
1 cup chopped dried fruit
|
Shallots, chopped
|
1/2 cup
|
1/2 cup chopped onion, OR
1/2 cup chopped leek OR 1/2 cup chopped green onion
|
Shortening
|
1 cup
|
1 cup butter OR 1 cup
margarine minus 1/2 teaspoon salt from recipe
|
Sour cream
|
1 cup
|
1 cup plain yogurt OR 1
tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough cream to make 1 cup OR
3/4 cup buttermilk mixed with 1/3 cup butter
|
Sour milk
|
1 cup
|
1 tablespoon vinegar or lemon
juice mixed with enough milk to make 1 cup: Let stand 5 minutes to thicken
|
Soy sauce
|
1/2 cup
|
4 tablespoons Worcestershire sauce
mixed with 1 tablespoon water
|
Stock--beef or chicken
|
1 cup
|
1 cube beef or chicken bouillon
dissolved in 1 cup water
|
Sweetened condensed milk
|
1 (14-ounce) can
|
3/4 cup white sugar mixed with 1/2
cup water and 1 1/8 cups dry powdered milk: Bring to a boil and cook,
stirring frequently, until thickened, about 20 minutes
|
Vegetable oil--for baking
|
1 cup
|
1 cup applesauce OR 1 cup
fruit puree
|
Vegetable oil--for frying
|
1 cup
|
1 cup lard OR 1 cup
vegetable shortening
|
Vinegar
|
1 teaspoon
|
1 teaspoon lemon or lime juice OR
2 teaspoons white wine
|
White sugar
|
1 cup
|
1 cup brown sugar OR 1 1/4
cups confectioners' sugar OR 3/4 cup honey OR 3/4 cup corn
syrup
|
Wine
|
1 cup
|
1 cup chicken or beef broth OR
1 cup fruit juice mixed with 2 teaspoons vinegar OR 1 cup water
|
Yeast-active dry
|
1 (.25-ounce) package
|
1 cake compressed yeast OR
2 1/2 teaspoons active dry yeast OR 2 1/2 teaspoonsrapid rise yeast
|
Yogurt
|
1 cup
|
1 cup sour cream OR 1 cup
buttermilk OR 1 cup sour milk
|
